Current initiatives under development almost systematically depend on one initial hypothesis involved in neurodegeneration, selected a priori as major, while these diseases are complex and misunderstood (partial approach). 

On the contrary ENCEFA's target is located at the crossroad of biologic processes and allow the component that specifically bind this target to trigger powerful pleiotrophic effects.

Pathways underlying neurodegeneration

Lysosomal dysfunction

M. Sullivan, Peter & Zhou, Xiaolai & Hu, Fenghua. (2017). Autophagy-Lysosome Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. 10.5772/intechopen.69371.

Metabolism dysfunction

Crugnola V, Lamperti C, Lucchini V, Ronchi D, Peverelli L, Prelle A, Sciacco M, Bordoni A, Fassone E, Fortunato Fet al (2010) Mitochondrial respiratory chain

dysfunction in muscle from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol 67: 849–854 Doi https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.128

Neuroinflammation

Liu J and Wang F (2017) Role of Neuroinflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front. Immunol. 8:1005. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01005

The same pathways that are crucial for aging...

Lysosomal dysfunction

Carmona-Gutierrez, D., Hughes, A. L., Madeo, F. & Ruckenstuhl, C. The crucial impact of lysosomes in aging and longevity. Ageing Res. Rev. 32, 2–12 (2016)

Metabolism impairement

Sun, N., Youle, R. J. & Finkel, T. The Mitochondrial Basis of Aging. Mol. Cell 61, 654–666 (2016)

Barzilai, N., Huffman, D. M., Muzumdar, R. H. & Bartke, A. The Critical Role of Metabolic Pathways in Aging. Diabetes 61, 1315–1322 (2012)

Inflammation in aging

Howcroft, T. K. et al. The role of inflammation in age-related disease. Aging 5, 84–93 (2013)

Abstract: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Geroscience Interest Group (GSIG) sponsored workshop, The Role ofInflammation in Age‐Related Disease, was held September 6th‐7th, 2012 in Bethesda, MD. It is now recognized that a mild pro‐inflammatory state is correlated with the major degenerative diseases of the elderly.